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Materials of Spoken Manchu
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Altaic Language Series(1) |
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2008.08.30 |
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2009.09.30 |
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This book offers spoken Manchu data and a brief linguistic description of spoken Manchu used in Sanjiazi village, Fuyu county in China. This book is a report of our fieldwork research that we carried out as part of the research project ¡ª REAL (Researches on Endangered Altaic Languages) ¡ª of the Altaic Society of Korea.
Manchu language is spoken by less than 10 speakers, who are over 70 years old. This language is classified as a ¡®nearly extinct language.¡¯ In May, 2005 and in February, 2006, we interviewed our consultant Mr. Meng Xianxiao. He learnt Manchu from old people at the village. Based on our questionnaire, we have recorded about 1,800 items, 340 conversational sentences and 370 sentences for grammatical analysis. As Manchu is a nearly extinct language, we could find many common phenomena which dying languages share.
Recently Manchu is educated at an elementary school in Sanjiazi village. A combination of local education authorities¡¯ effort and students passion for reading their texts in their native tongue would lead us to have a hope for the survival of Manchu.
ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ¸¸ÁÖ¾î ±¸¾î µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í Áß±¹ Fuyu countyÀÇ Sanjiazi ¸¶À»¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸¸ÁÖ¾î ±¸¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£´ÜÇÑ ¾ð¾îÇÐÀû ¼³¸íÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº Çѱ¹ ¾ËŸÀÌÇÐȸÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®(REAL, Àý¸êÀ§±âÀÇ ¾ËŸÀ̾ð¾î Á¶»ç)ÀÇ ÀÏȯÀ¸·Î ÇöÁöÁ¶»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾òÀº º¸°í¼ÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸ÁÖ¾î´Â ¡®°ÅÀÇ Àý¸êµÈ ¾ð¾î¡¯·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù. 2005³â 5¿ù°ú 2006³â 2¿ù ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¶À»ÀÇ ³ëÀεé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¸Á־ ¹è¿î ¸Û ¾¾¾Ø»þ¿À ¾¾¸¦ ÀÎÅͺäÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼³¹®Áö¿¡ ±âÃÊÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â 1800°³ Ç׸ñ, 340°³ È¸È ¹®Àå°ú 370°³ ¹®¹ý ºÐ¼®¿ë ¹®ÀåÀ» ±â·ÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸ÁÖ¾î´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¸êµÈ ¾ð¾îÀε¥, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¸Á־¼µµ »ç¶óÁ®°¡´Â ¾ð¾îµé¸¸ÀÌ °¡Áö´Â ¸¹Àº °øÅëµÈ Çö»óÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
ÃÖ±Ù Sanjiazi ¸¶À»ÀÇ ÃʵîÇб³¿¡¼´Â ¸¸Á־ °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇØ´ç Áö¹æ ±³À° ´ç±¹ÀÇ ³ë·Â°ú ¸ð±¹¾î·Î ±×µéÀÇ ÅØ½ºÆ®¸¦ ÀаíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÇлýµéÀÇ ¿Á¤ÀÌ ÇÕÇØÁø °á°ú¹°À̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº ¸¸Á־ »ì¾Æ³²À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Èñ¸ÁÀ» °®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
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Boldyrev B.V.
Institute of Philology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Materials of Spoken Manchu(¼¿ï´ëÃâÆÇ¹®È¿ø, 2009.09.30) ¿Ü ´Ù¼ö
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Han Youfeng
Heilongjiang Provincial Nation Research Institute, China
Materials of Spoken Manchu(¼¿ï´ëÃâÆÇ¹®È¿ø, 2009.09.30) ¿Ü ´Ù¼ö
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Piao Lianyu
Heilongjiang Provincial Nation Research Institute, China
Materials of Spoken Manchu(¼¿ï´ëÃâÆÇ¹®È¿ø, 2009.09.30) ¿Ü ´Ù¼ö
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1. Introduction
1.1 Spoken Manchu today
1.2 Fieldwork
1.3 Situations of Manchu speakers
1.4 Previous researches into spoken Manchu
2. The phonological system of Manchu
2.1 Consonant system
2.2 Glide
2.3 Vowel system
2.4 Stress
2.5 Phonological process
2.6 Historical change
3. Word-formation and vocabulary
3.1 Derivation
3.2 Compound words
3.3 Vocabulary
4. Grammar
4.1 Nouns
4.2 Verbs
4.3 Adjectives
4.4 Invariant words
Appendix 1. Items in questionnaire
Manchu-English
English-Manchu
Appendix 2. Basic conversational expressions
Appendix 3. Sentences for grammatical analysis
References
Abstract
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