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Economic Crisis and Dual Transition in Korea A Case Study in Comparative Perspective
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1997³â Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °æÁ¦À§±âÀÇ ¿øÀÎ, Àü°³°úÁ¤, ±Í°áÀ» ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ °ø°íÈ¿ÍÀÇ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿¡¼ Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸í, ºÐ¼®ÇÑ Çмú¿¬±¸¼ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚµéÀº ƯÈ÷ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á¤Ä¡°æÁ¦ÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸Áú¹®¿¡ ºÐ¼®ÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ´Ù. °æÁ¦À§±âÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̾ú´Â°¡? °æÁ¦À§±âÀÇ ±Øº¹À» À§ÇØ Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ äÅÃ, ½Ç½ÃÇÑ Á¤Ã¥Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ °ÍµéÀΰ¡? ÀÏ¹Ý ½Ã¹ÎµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Çѱ¹ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÇàÀ§ÀÚµéÀº °æÁ¦À§±â¿Í Á¤ºÎÀÇ À§±â±Øº¹ Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇߴ°¡? °æÁ¦À§±â´Â Çѱ¹ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû¡¤ ¹®ÈÀû ±â¹ÝÀ» º¯È½ÃÄ״°¡? °æÁ¦À§±â°¡ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ °ø°íÈ¿¡ ¹®ÈÀû¡¤Á¦µµÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÌÄ£ ¿µÇâÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ºñ±³Àû °üÁ¡¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§ Çѱ¹ »ç·Ê°¡ ÁÖ´Â º¸´Ù ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÇÔÀÇ´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿¬±¸Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ» ÅëÇØ ±è´ëÁß Á¤ºÎ ½Ã±â Çѱ¹ °æÁ¦À§±â¿Í ȸº¹ °úÁ¤ÀÇ Á¾ÇÕÀû¡¤Ã¼°èÀû ºÐ¼®À» ½ÃµµÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹ÀÌ ´ç¸éÇÑ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¹Ì·¡Àû °úÁ¦´Â °ø°íÈµÈ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿Í ¼±Áø½ÃÀå°æÁ¦·ÎÀÇ ÀÌÁßÀû ÀÌÇàÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¼ºÃëÇØ ³»´À³Ä, ±×¸®°í ±×·³À¸·Î½á ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ½ÉÈ¿Í °æÁ¦°³Çõ °£ÀÇ »óº¸Àû¡¤»ó½ÂÀû °ü°è¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô À¯ÁöÇØ ³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
This book examines the causes, process, and consequences of the 1997 economic crisis in Korea, focusing on the following research questions: Why did the economic crisis occur? What policy measures did the government adopt to combat the crisis? What strategies did the various Korean political actors, including citizens, pursue to cope with the crisis and adapt to the various policy measures of the government? Did the crisis transform the structural and cultural foundations of Korean capitalism? How did the crisis affect the consolidation of Korean democracy culturally and institutionally? What general and comparative lessons can be derived from the Korean economic crisis? By answering these questions, the book tries to present a comprehensive analysis of the politics of economic crisis and recovery under the Kim Dae Jung government. The book argues that one of the principal challenges for Korea in the years to come will be how to accomplish a dual transition to a consolidated democracy and an advanced market economy by forging and maintaining a mutually reinforcing relationship between democratic deepening and economic reform.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Limitations of the Existing Literature
Analytic Framework
Organization
Contributions
CHAPTER TWO
EXPLAINING THE CAUSES OF THE CRISIS
Contending Paradigms: Victimization vs. Mea Culpa
The Politics of Economic Breakdown during the Kim Young Sam Regime
Is Democracy Responsible?
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER THREE
POPULAR PERCEPTIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
Databases
Recognizing a Crisis
Feeling Shame
Recovery
A Dynamic Account
Causes
Strategies
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER FOUR
KIM DAE JUNG GOVERNMENTS REFORM POLICIES
Parallel Development of Democracy and a Market Economy
Economic Reform
Political Reform
The Politics of Dual Transition
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER FIVE
PUBLIC REACTIONS TO KIM DAE JUNGS PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT MODEL
Support for the Notion of Parallel Development
Popular Support for Economic and Democratic Reforms
Assessments of Reform Efforts
Demographic Profiles for Supporters of Parallel Development
Influences on the Public Approval of the Kim Dae Jung Government
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER SIX
SOCIETAL REACTIONS TO GOVERNMENT POLICIES
Chaebols¡¯ Reactions
Labor¡¯s Reactions
Civic Groups
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER SEVEN
POPULAR REACTIONS TO DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
Theoretical Considerations
Prior Survey Research
Research Strategies
Democratic Consolidation
Sophistication in Democratic Politics
The Superiority of Authoritarian Rule in Economic Prosperity
Negative Economic Experience
Shifting Levels of Support for Democracy
Affinity for Authoritarian Reversal
Sources of Attitudinal Dynamics
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER EIGHT
THE HUMAN SIDE OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
Conceptualization
Datasets
The Evolution of the Economic Crisis
Perceptions of Changing Economic Conditions
Economic Miseries
Changes in Economic Behavior
Socio-economic Division
Changes in the Subjective Quality of Life
Anecdotes
Managing the Tragic Consequences
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER NINE
THE KOREAN CASE IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Datasets
Common Causes of the Economic Crisis
Governmental Policies and Popular Reactions
National Economic Downturns
Personal Miseries
Subjective Experiences of Economic Hardship in Korea and Thailand
Support for Democracy in Korea and Thailand
Summary and Conclusion
CHAPTER TEN
CONCLUSION
Appendix A: Sampling Method and Fieldwork Procedures
Appendix B: 1998 Survey Questions
Appendix C: 1999 Korea Democracy Survey
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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